Pug Dog Encephalitis (PDE) / Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis (NME) Risk Factor

Pug Dog Encephalitis (PDE), also known as Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis (NME), is a severe neurological condition primarily affecting Pugs, though it has also been reported in other small breeds, such as the Maltese, Chihuahua, and Yorkshire Terrier. PDE is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in the brain, leading to neurological symptoms. The condition is usually progressive and fatal. While the exact genetic cause is not fully understood, this test analyses a specific mutation in the Dog Leukocyte Antigen (DLA) gene associated with increased risk. This test is not a diagnostic tool but serves as risk factor.

PDE most commonly affects Pugs between 1 and 6 years of age. The onset can be sudden, with symptoms progressing rapidly. Clinical signs include seizures, circling, tremors, vision loss, disorientation, and changes in behaviour. The disease often leads to death within weeks to months after onset or euthanazia is chosen as a humane-endpoint. Especially as treatment in dogs rarely lead to long-term survival.

The genetic marker tested is considered to be a risk factor. It is associated with the disorder, but does not necessarily guarantee it. Dogs that are homozygous for the mutation (2 copies) have a higher chance of developing PDE compared to dogs that are heterozygous or lack the mutation.

Pubmed ID: 38840637

Omia ID: 1470